国家安全发展示范城市建设的震灾预防对策研究     

申文庄  贾启超  李峰 《震灾防御技术》2018,13(4):997-1002

我国地震多、强度大、分布广，强地震的现实危害和潜在威胁是我国城市安全发展所面临的重大挑战。国内外城市地震灾害惨痛经验表明，震灾预防能力建设不足的城市往往在强震中毁于一旦。实现我国城市安全可持续发展，必须高度重视和持续推进城市震灾预防能力建设，切实防控和消除地震灾害风险。本文在深入分析城市地震灾害影响因素的基础上，从震灾预防能力建设、城市地震灾害风险防控工作、法规及技术标准和评价体系等方面入手，提出了进一步加强城市震灾预防能力建设的对策建议。  相似文献   

A Pilot‐Scale Diatomite Membrane Bioreactor for Slightly Polluted Surface Water Treatment          下载免费PDF全文

Wen Sun  Cuimei Li  Bingzhi Dong  Huaqiang Chu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(9)

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莱州湾表层沉积物粒度和黏土矿物分布特征与运移趋势分析     

冯利  冯秀丽  宋湦  肖晓  田动会 《海洋科学》2018,42(2):1-9

运用粒度参数分析、黏土矿物含量分析、Flemming三角图示法和Gao-Collins二维的"粒度趋势分析"等方法,对采自莱州湾海域的表层沉积物样品和黏土矿物样品进行分析,了解了该研究区域的沉积环境及沉积物的运移趋势。研究区由岸向海沉积物类型大致依次为砂-粉砂质砂-砂质粉砂-粉砂-黏土质粉砂,并且研究区表层沉积物在近岸区域呈现较为明显的平行岸线的条带状特征;同时沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态、峰态等粒度参数也呈现出良好的正相关性或负相关性;研究区黏土矿物为伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石、高岭石,除伊利石分布大致为黄河三角洲近岸低,向研究区东北方向逐渐升高外,其余的黏土矿物都表现出了近岸高,远海低的分布特征,且主要物源为黄河物质输入。Flemming三角图研究区所有采样点大部分分布在Ⅱ区,少部分分布在Ⅲ区,说明研究区整体水动力较强;采样点在A—E区均有分布,但在C、D两区分布最多,说明研究区沉积物粒径较集中。研究区表层沉积物整体呈由岸向海输运的趋势,具体来看,黄河沉积物入海后向北、向东、向南运移,研究区内沉积物的来源是黄河输沙以及周围入海的小河流的输沙和沿岸冲刷的物质。  相似文献   

东太平洋海隆13°N表层含金属沉积物物质组成与元素赋存状态     

荣坤波  曾志刚  武力  李康 《海洋科学》2018,42(7):70-79

为了解不同类型含金属沉积物在物质组成和元素赋存状态的差异,对东太平洋海隆13°N洋中脊两侧表层含金属沉积物(站号:E271和E53)进行了矿物学、地球化学分析,顺序提取实验,并与前人对轴部表层沉积物(站号:17A-EPR-TVG1)的研究结果作了对比分析。研究结果表明, E271和E53是远端含金属沉积物,由非浮力热液羽状流中颗粒物沉降所形成的;17A-EPR-TVG1沉积物是近喷口含金属沉积物,由黑烟囱或者热液硫化物丘状体崩塌、堆积,或者由热液羽状流中Fe-Mn氧化物和硫化物快速沉淀而形成的,近喷口沉积物比远端沉积物更富集Fe、Cu和Zn等元素。元素在两种含金属沉积物中的赋存状态基本相同,除了Fe,Cu,Zn,Mo和稀土元素(REE)等元素在远端沉积物中主要存在于Fe-Mn氧化物相,在近喷口沉积物中主要在残留相中。远端沉积物中REE页岩标准化配分模式与海水相似,表明REE主要来自海水,而近喷口沉积物中REE配分模式与热液流体相似,说明REE以高温热液流体来源为主。相关研究结果加深了对热液沉积作用研究的认识。  相似文献   

Fault geometrical model of Dujiangyan section in Longmenshan fault zone          下载免费PDF全文

Hu-Rong Duan  Sheng-Lei Chen  Run Li  Quan-Chao Yan 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(3):126-136

The focal mechanism solution on the seismic fault plane can reflect the geometric and kinematic characteristics of faults, and it is an important way to further study the fine structure of fault plane. From the focal mechanism solution of the earthquakes around the Dujiangyan fault in Longmenshan fault zone, we derived the average dip angle of Dujiangyan fault is 45.1° based on the seismic moment tensor theory. In order to refine the fault geometry structure, this paper decomposed it into multiple sub-fault planes along the length and width of the fault plane and forms a number of models A13, B13, A23 a, A23 b, A23 c, B23 a,B23 b and B23 c, then calculated the sub-fault's dip of each model. In order to clarify exactly which one of the fault models is closest to the real fault model, the fault slip was carried out for each model in turn, then compared the surface displacement of each model with GPS observations. The results show that B23 c model with high dip in shallow and small dip in deep is the best model, the lengths of each subfault of Dujiangyan fault from south to north are 33 km, 21 km and 46 km, respectively. When the depth of the fault bottom is about 11 km, the dip angles are 70.56°, 67.41° and 45.55°.When the depth of the fault bottom is about 30 km, The fault dip angles are 44.55°, 29.18° and 44.25°.  相似文献   

Multi‐Scale Fuzzy Inference System for Influent Characteristic Prediction of Wastewater Treatment          下载免费PDF全文

Zhiwei Cheng  Xuejiao Li  Yun Bai  Chuan Li 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(7)

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热带西太平洋砂壳纤毛虫的多样性     

李海波  张武昌  赵苑  赵丽  董逸  王超锋  梁晨  肖天 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(10):218-228

为了探明热带西太平洋海区砂壳纤毛虫的多样性、垂直分布及纬向变化，我们于2012年11-12月在该海区四个断面采集了0-200 m的水样。共检出砂壳纤毛虫39属124种，多数种类喜好生活在表层和次表层。砂壳纤毛虫种丰富度、丰度以及多样性指数的高值主要出现在比叶绿素浓度最大值稍浅的位置，与温度和叶绿素浓度显著正相关，与盐度和采样深度显著负相关。多数优势种与环境因子间的相关性不显著。热带西太平洋海区砂壳纤毛虫多样性极高，各站种丰富度在25-52之间。在从表层至75 m处的多数采样点香农指数均大于3。该海区砂壳纤毛虫冗余种的比例很高，占砂壳纤毛虫总种类数的87.90%，贡献了砂壳纤毛虫60.38%的丰度，表明热带西太平洋海区砂壳纤毛虫群落对饵料组成和摄食压力改变的应对能力很强，稳定性很高。  相似文献   

南海冬季之西边界流：1998年2月的水文结构与体积输运     

李立  郭小刚  吴日升 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(3):1-7

The unique survey in December 1998 mapped the entire western boundary area of the South China Sea(SCS),which reveals the three-dimensional structure and huge volume transport of the swift and narrow winter western boundary current of the SCS(SCSwwbc) in full scale. The current is found to flow all the way from the shelf edge off Hong Kong to the Sunda Shelf with a width around 100 km and a vertical scale of about 400 m. It appears to be the strongest off the Indo-China Peninsula, where its volume transport reached over 20×10~6 m~3/s. The current is weaker upstream in the northern SCS to the west of Hong Kong. A Kuroshio loop or detached eddy intruded through the Luzon Strait is observed farther east where the SCSwwbc no more exists. The results suggest that during the survey the SCSwwbc was fed primarily by the interior recirculation of the SCS rather than by the"branching" of the Kuroshio from the Luzon Strait as indicated by surface drifters, which is likely a near-surface phenomenon and only contributes a minor part to the total transport of the SCSwwbc. Several topics related to the SCSwwbc are also discussed.  相似文献   

太空搭载海水钝顶螺旋藻诱变株H_(11)的室外产多糖特性研究     

谭丽  李涛  吴华莲  吴嘉仪  向文洲  刘德海 《海洋通报》2018,(3):328-334

本研究对一株经太空搭载后选育的海水钝顶螺旋藻诱变株H_(11)的室外产多糖能力进行了评估。结果显示,在广州秋季室外平均温度为27°C下,诱变株H_(11)的生物量产率、总糖含量、总多糖含量和水溶性多糖含量分别为19.09±0.03 mg/(L·d)、27.89±1.28%DW、20.95±0.87%DW和19.74±0.93%DW。与野生株WT相比,H_(11)的生物量、总糖、总多糖和水溶性多糖的产率分别提高了15.39%,148.93%,176.50%和187.70%。在冬季室外平均培养温度为17°C条件下,诱变株和野生株生长速率及多糖产率都有所降低,但诱变株在产多糖能力上仍显著高于野生株(P0.05)。研究表明海水钝顶螺旋藻诱变株H_(11)产多糖能力极高,具有可观的产业应用前景。  相似文献   

Coordinative similitude law considering fluid‐structure interaction for underwater shaking table tests     

Zhong‐Xian Li  Kun Wu  Yundong Shi  Ning Li  Yang Ding 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2315-2332

Generally, when a model is made of the same material as the prototype in shaking table tests, the equivalent material density of the scaled model is greater than that of the prototype because mass is added to the model to satisfy similitude criteria. When the water environment is modeled in underwater shaking table tests, however, it is difficult to change the density of water. The differences in the density similitude ratios of specimen materials and water can affect the similitude ratios of the hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. To solve this problem, a coordinative similitude law is proposed for underwater shaking table tests by adjusting the width of the upstream face of the model or the wave height in the model test to match the similitude ratios of hydrodynamic and wave forces with those of other forces. The designs of the similitude relations were investigated for earthquake excitation, wave excitation, and combined earthquake and wave excitation conditions. Series of numerical simulations and underwater shaking table tests were performed to validate the proposed coordinative similitude law through a comparison of coordinative model and conventional model designed based on the coordinative similitude law and traditional artificial mass simulation, respectively. The results show that the relative error was less than 10% for the coordinative model, whereas it reached 80% for the conventional model. The coordinative similitude law can better reproduce the dynamic responses of the prototype, and thus, this similitude law can be used in underwater shaking table tests.  相似文献